Pings
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5 Answers 0 Votes
What threshold of urinary cadmium (Cd-U) is currently considered indicative of early renal tubular dysfunction in exposed adult populations?
I am conducting a study on chronic environmental cadmium exposure and its nephrotoxic effects, particularly focusing on early biomarkers of renal tubular damage. Several sources suggest 2 µg/g creatinine as a reference point, but variability exists depending on population, sex, and co-exposure. Could experts clarify which threshold (e.g. 1 µg/g, 2 µg/g, or 5 µg/g creatinine) is most reliable or currently used in risk assessments and clinical practice?
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1 Answer 0 Votes
How is it possible to say how long the medical implants that are inside the human body will function?
The functional lifespan of implants placed inside the body How we can trust or know that an implant will work for a specific period?
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6 Answers 1 Vote
I'm wondering, if the EDC such as bisphenol A, was chlorinated during the water treatment process, is the toxicity of formed disinfection by-products (DBPs) from EDCs smaller than the EDCs itself?
Many studies have been conducted on the DBP formation potential of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDC), however, the toxicity comparison (before and after the chlorination process) was not comprehensive and limited.
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18 Answers 8 Votes
Is Oxidative Stress sufficient by itself as an indicator and compelling basis for a carcinogenic concern?
Oxidative Stress as a Precursor and Mechanism for Carcinogenicity IARC and others (Smith et al) have identified 10 key characteristics which may be used/considered in the evaluation of carcinogenicity, one of which is oxidative stress. How strong or compelling, if at all, would the data need to be for considering OS as a putative and defensible MOA for carcinogenicity, or would there need to be other tangential/correlative data (e.g., tumors) available. In other words, is OS sufficient by...
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