I'm wondering, if the EDC such as bisphenol A, was chlorinated during the water treatment process, is the toxicity of formed disinfection by-products (DBPs) from EDCs smaller than the EDCs itself?
Many studies have been conducted on the DBP formation potential of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDC), however, the toxicity comparison (before and after the chlorination process) was not comprehensive and limited.
Aquatic toxicology
Endocrinology
Environmental engineering
Environmental fate and transport
Environmental health
Flower
Bisphenol A (BPA) and its chlorinated derivatives have an impact on various endocrine glands:
1. Thyroid Glands: These substances can affect the production of thyroid hormones, crucial for regulating metabolic activity. Some studies suggest that chlorinated BPA may have a stronger effect on thyroid hormone (T3) than BPA itself.
2. Adrenal Glands: These glands, responsible for stress hormone production like adrenaline, may also be influenced.
3. Sex Glands: The system producing sex hormones, including testosterone and estrogen, may be affected, leading to issues such as infertility and sexual health problems.
4. Pituitary Gland: This gland, regulating the production of various hormones, could also be susceptible to disruption.
Both BPA and its chlorinated derivatives act as artificial estrogens, interacting with estrogen receptors α and β. These interactions can lead to cellular changes, potentially contributing to cancer development through increased cell proliferation, apoptosis, or migration. Consequently, consuming BPA and its chlorinated derivatives may lead to endocrine disruptions, heightening the risk of cancer, obesity, and diabetes-related diseases.
The extent of endocrine effects of BPA compared to its chlorinated derivatives remains unclear and requires further research to determine which effect is more pronounced. Additionally, chlorination may not mitigate their harmful effects but could lead to the production of more toxic by-products, negatively impacting human health.
1. Thyroid Glands: These substances can affect the production of thyroid hormones, crucial for regulating metabolic activity. Some studies suggest that chlorinated BPA may have a stronger effect on thyroid hormone (T3) than BPA itself.
2. Adrenal Glands: These glands, responsible for stress hormone production like adrenaline, may also be influenced.
3. Sex Glands: The system producing sex hormones, including testosterone and estrogen, may be affected, leading to issues such as infertility and sexual health problems.
4. Pituitary Gland: This gland, regulating the production of various hormones, could also be susceptible to disruption.
Both BPA and its chlorinated derivatives act as artificial estrogens, interacting with estrogen receptors α and β. These interactions can lead to cellular changes, potentially contributing to cancer development through increased cell proliferation, apoptosis, or migration. Consequently, consuming BPA and its chlorinated derivatives may lead to endocrine disruptions, heightening the risk of cancer, obesity, and diabetes-related diseases.
The extent of endocrine effects of BPA compared to its chlorinated derivatives remains unclear and requires further research to determine which effect is more pronounced. Additionally, chlorination may not mitigate their harmful effects but could lead to the production of more toxic by-products, negatively impacting human health.
Dr Mac
Chlorination works for removing dangerous bacteria - mainly Enterobacteria. Without it many humans and domestic animals die. Flushing human hormones down the toilet is a different sort of problem that is not sorted out by chlorination.
Asok Dasmahapatra
BPA is an environmental estrogen and have significant affinity for estrogen receptors
R. Thomas Zoeller