What is the most important part of a scientific article? Let's approach this seriously! Part 2

 The summary or abstract is an important part of the publication to examine  the hypothesis and actual methods used to prove or disapprove  based on the explicit presentation  of results. The introduction  should be brief to lay out the basis for  or an argument to test the hypothesis or theory in the context of  citing previous research work  and  how it may confim or  enhance knowledge  by  current reasearch.The results presented  with supporting the data in a form that should convince the reader of the interpretation, which in turn are discussion describing  limitations of the findings along with  of the  claimed conclusions.

The answer varies depending on what the reader seeks to understand.  The summary or abstract is key for those seeking to review rapidly a large number of works to identify those that would reward a closer examination.  The introduction sets the question to be addressed in the context of previous and current work in the same and related fields, and poses the question in a form that can be answered by the data.  The results present the data in a form that should convince the reader of the interpretation and its limits, which in turn are critically analyzed in the discussion.  Methods establish the means for reproducibility by others; citations indicate the breadth of engagement of others whose ideas contributed to the foregoing.  No matter which part is most important to each reader, it is key that the writing be clear, engaging, efficient, and graceful throughout, guiding the reader along the narrative set by the author(s).

The most important part of a scientific article is the study methodology. for example, in the case of a study to assess metal pollution in sediments, knowing the geology of the study area, the climate, the vegetation, biota and the antropic activities of the region are very important parameters for planning the sampling campaign and the tools. Subsequently, the sampling strategy, analysis techniques and instrumentation are crucial to obtaining good results and to ensuring the quality of the results.Documentary research is also important for interpreting analytical data.