Does the anti-aging gene Sirtuin 1 need to be measured in early disease screening in COVID-19 and AIDS patients?
The defective gene in the global chronic disease epidemic has now been linked to the anti-aging gene Sirtuin 1. Sirtuin 1 is now an important gene for consideration in Frontiers and Genetics. Nutritional regulation of Sirtuin 1 is critical to nuclear receptors/transcription factors that are involved with glucose homeostasis, immune system, body temperature regulation, stem cell therapy and mitochondrial biogenesis. Plasma Sirtuin 1 levels may be of critical interest to COVID-19, AIDS and the global chronic disease epidemic.
RELEVANT REFERENCES:
A. Single Gene Inactivation with Implications to Diabetes and Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome. J Clin Epigenet. 2017;Vol. 3 No. 3:24.
B. Anti-Aging Genes Improve Appetite Regulation and Reverse Cell Senescence and Apoptosis in Global Populations. Advances in Aging Research, 2016, 5, 9-26.
C. Anti-Aging Gene linked to Appetite Regulation Determines Longevity in Humans and Animals. International Journal of Aging Research. 2018,1(6): 1-4.
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E. Appetite Control and Biotherapy in the Management of Autoimmune Induced Global Chronic Diseases. J Clin Immunol Res. 2018; 2(1): 1-4.
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G. The Role of Clinical Proteomics, Lipidomics, and Genomics in the Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease. Proteomes, 2016. 4(2) 1-19.
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I. COVID-19 Infection and Anti-Aging Gene Inactivation. Acta Scientific Nutritional Health 4.5 (2020): 01-02.
J. Sirtuin 1, a Diagnostic Protein Marker and its Relevance to Chronic Disease and Therapeutic Drug Interventions. EC Pharmacology and Toxicology 6.4 (2018): 209-215.
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Rationale:
SIRT1, a key anti-aging and metabolic regulator, is a primary actor in immune regulation, inflammation control, mitochondrial function, and cell survival, all of which processes are significantly deranged in both COVID-19 and HIV/AIDS patients.
1. Applicability to COVID-19 and AIDS:
COVID-19: SARS-CoV-2 is associated with hyperinflammatory responses and mitochondrial dysfunction. Reference [I] suggests that SIRT1 inactivation is involved in disease progression. SIRT1 activation or enhancement may counteract hyperinflammation and oxidative stress, thereby reducing severity.
HIV/AIDS: Chronic immune activation, metabolic dysregulation, and premature aging are hallmark features. SIRT1 may modulate these pathways via its effects on T-cell survival, glucose metabolism, and systemic inflammation (Ref. J, B, D).
2. SIRT1 as a Biomarker:
Plasma SIRT1 levels have been proposed as biomarkers for metabolic health, mitochondrial efficiency, and aging (Refs. J, F, G).
Reducing SIRT1 may be an indicator of immune exhaustion, metabolic dysregulation, and early disease decompensation, with particular utility in comorbid conditions (e.g., diabetes, cardiovascular disease) seen in COVID-19 and AIDS patients.
3. Implications for Screening:
Early detection of SIRT1 downregulation can potentially identify individuals at higher risk for complications and permit individualized nutritional, pharmacologic, or gene-targeted treatment (Refs. A, E, H).
With its relation to glucose homeostasis, appetite, temperature control, and stem cell functionality, SIRT1 measurement can potentially direct multisystem disease management.
Limitations:
Evidence is largely preclinical or early translational; widespread clinical application requires standardization of assays, population-based studies, and cost-effectiveness analysis.
Confounding variables (obesity, age, malnutrition, AIDS ART medications) may affect SIRT1 levels and must be controlled for.
Conclusion:
SIRT1 is a promising candidate biomarker for early screening in COVID-19 and AIDS due to its central role in metabolism, immunity, and aging. While its theoretical and mechanistic basis is solid, application in routine screening is pending further clinical validation. Prospective studies of SIRT1 levels in infected and at-risk populations, particularly with comorbid chronic diseases, need to be a priority area of research going forward.