Results
(3 Answers)

Answer Explanations 3

Most likely NOT mutagenic
Expert 14

As a general statement and as also answered previously to question 2.10, genotoxicity must be thoroughly and deeply investigated with the appropriate in vitro and in vivo test batteries for hazard identification, regardless of cancer bioassay information/results, since the implication of mutations are not limited to cancer but involve genetic diseases and other somatic illnesses.
Based on the available information from genotoxicity studies, my overall conclusion on the mutagenic potential of 1,3-D is that it is "most likely NOT mutagenic" since the mutagenic concern derived from positive findings observed in bacterial and mammalian cell mutagenicity assays is ruled out mainly by the clear negative outcome obtained in the Big Blue rat assay via oral route (Young 2018). Such a result is usually extrapolated to humans independently by the pattern of tumor results obtained from the cancer bioassays.

Clearly NOT mutagenic
Expert 1

Clear negative in state-of-art gene mutation assay, amongst other studies

Clearly NOT mutagenic
Expert 5

The tumor studies in experimental animals only show tumor induction at very high doses and these doses likely saturated relevant metabolic pathways and led to tumorigenesis by pathways unlikely to occur under exposure levels that humans might encounter. For a carcinogen acting via a genotoxic/mutagenic pathway I would expect a near linear dose response. Furthermore the highest levels of exposure in the inhalation studies in mice, that were below the KMD were nontumorigenic and were several orders of magnitude above the worst case scenarios in humans.

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